High Fat And Low Carb Diet - 932 Words

Learning that (good) fats are good, and wheat is bad (white or whole, it all has gluten), one may think, â€Å"What should I eat then?†. The answer is a high-fat and low-carb diet. An excellent example of such a diet is called the Paleo diet. Nutritionist Stephanie Eckelkamp discusses the theory behind the Paleo diet, â€Å"The theory is, our bodies haven t evolved to properly digest these modern foods, which became widely consumed only upon the advent of agriculture 12,000 years ago†. Evolution happens very slowly, so our stomachs know the chemistry of meat, fat, and veggies. It knows how to break them down. If the species of felines have been eating meat, then why would anyone start to force all cats to start eating beans and rice? That food wasn’t meant for them, and it would probably make them really sick. If humans have been eating meat, fat, and veggies for so long and have been never had a problem with weight, then why is everyone so surprised that large q uantities of GMO food (genetically modified food that has been changed in a lab), featuring modern-day gluten, has dramatically increased obesity and is killing more people than cigarette smoking? What about the people who have lost weight with the low-fat and high-carb diet? A recent study done by a Harvard team of professors looks at the difference between high-fat and high-carb and their effects for weight loss. Amby Burfoot, who wrote an article explaining the study, reported this, â€Å"After six days, the high-carb groupShow MoreRelatedLow-Carb Diets Proven to be Effective Essay945 Words   |  4 Pageswant to go on a diet and lose weight? The low-carb diet is a great option, you’ll lose more weight, and faster than other diets! The health benefits of a low-carb diet significantly outweigh the negatives. First, let’s look at some of the background information of low-carb diets. Also, we will look at a couple different diets and what their different phases are. A low-carb diet is one that restricts the intake of carbohydrates for the purpose of losing weight. Foods high in carbs, like sugar, breadRead MoreLow Fat Diet vs. Low Carb Diet1391 Words   |  6 PagesLow Fat Diet vs. Low Carb Diet Low Fat Diet Fat is the number one enemy of a lot of people, particularly the medical people and people going into diet and are health conscious. It gets a lot of the attention for many good reasons. Cholesterol levels in the blood could increase because of it and ultimately a persons risk for heart disease would also heighten. Also, some fatty foods, or basically the delicious foods such as bacon, sausage, and potato chips often have fewer vitamins and mineralsRead MoreThe Harm in Low Carb Diets762 Words   |  3 Pages†¨Low carb diets are basically anti-carbohydrates diets. Low carb diets make you eat fewer carbs than most doctors would suggest. While the experts recommend that adults get about half of their calories from carbs, low-carb diet limits the eating of carb to10 percent of daily calories consumed. Before going anti-carb, lets know what they are. Carbs are very important nutrients in food. They are the body’s main energy source, supplying energy for everyday activities and making sure everything fromRead MoreEssay on Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets1098 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of this essay is to compare Low carb and Low Fat diets and examine their similarities and differences. Two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine provide evidence that in the short term, a low-carbohydrate diet helped people lose weight without any adverse effects. In the last decade, several leading nutritional scientists have taken the side effects into consideration. They have begun to think that the low carb diet may be partly right about losing weight, and scientistsRead MoreObesity : A Negative Consequences For Individuals And Society955 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing obesity rates in the US. The Center for Disease and Control (CDC) states 78.6 million, or 34.9% of all US adults, are obese (CDC). This phenomenon is beyond absurd. The ease and convenience of fatty fast foods, salt laden quick meals, and high-fructose corn syrup in a majority of foods, such as soft drinks, juices, and snacks, contributes to weight gain. Add in sedentary lifestyles su ch as office jobs, couch potato’ing, etc. with little to no physical activity and this weight gain goesRead MoreBenefits Of Low Carb Diets972 Words   |  4 Pagesit seems low carb/high protein diets, such as The Atkins Diet, have been a trendy fad to help people lose weight quickly and to help manage people with Type 2 Diabetes. However, low carb diets have proven to have hidden truths, such as, unwanted side effects, physical health problems, and lack of long term sustainability. The number one reason many people jump on the trendy low carbohydrate (carbs) diet is to lose weight. In the 1970’s, Dr. Atkins found that by drastically reducing carbs or eliminatingRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity912 Words   |  4 Pagestrendy low carb diets, such as the Akins Diet, to help reduce these health related risks and issues. However, as a result low carb diets have proven to have unwanted side effects, physical health problems, and lack of long term sustainability. The number one reason many people jump on the trendy low carbohydrate (carbs) diet is to lose weight. According to the Mayo Clinic, â€Å"the Atkins Diet has been around since 1972, when cardiologist Robert C. Atkins created it. Dr. Atkins said that dietary fat isn’tRead More Comparing and Contrasting the Atkins and South Beach Diets Essays982 Words   |  4 PagesBeach Diets The Atkins and South Beach diets appear to be the same, but they do have their differences. They both suggest that limiting carbohydrates in ones? meals is a successful way to lose weight. Each diet also consists of a series of phases where carb intake can gradually increase. Although these correlations between the two diets make them difficult to be distinguished, they are in fact quite dissimilar. Whereas the Atkins diet allows consumption of all fats and hardly any carbs, theRead MoreDiet You Will Be Cutting Out Most Carbs And Eating Low Carb1294 Words   |  6 PagesAtkins Diet In the Atkins Diet you will be cutting out most carbs and eating low-carb. There are about 4 phases to the diet. Phase 1- cutting out almost all carbs and eating mostly vegetables for any carbs you would get that day. While cutting out carbs, you will be eating for protein. Phase 2- You are still eating the vegetables, you will start adding berries and nuts. Phase 3- Adding more foods to your diet. Adding more carbs back. Phase 4- Maintaining your weight and continuing to eat healthyRead MoreThe Body s Energy From Four Key Fuels1655 Words   |  7 Pagessotred in liver and the muscles 2) protein, which can be converted to glucose in the liver 3) fat, which is stored primarily in adipose tissue. Under specific conditions a fourth fuel comes into play -ketones which are derived from the incomplete breakdown of free fatty acids. Under normal dietary conditions ketones play a minimal role in energy prodcition. During times of Low carb dieting or starvation diets ketones impact energy p roduction significantly. When looking at storage of bodily fuels triglyceride

Essay Prison As A Last Resort - 2054 Words

To detain a person you are depriving them of their personal liberty (Findlay et al, 2000). The detention or imprisonment of offenders has been a consequence used for a variety of offences in society for hundreds of years. In recent times it has become such a frequently relied upon consequence that significant overcrowding in prisons has resulted (Findlay et al, 2000). In the 1990’s new implementations of rehabilitation were introduced to help ease the overcrowding in prisons. At this time, prison was utilised to the extent that the Queensland government adopted a strategy of â€Å"prison as a last resort†(Cavadino Dignan 2006). There are many pros and cons in using this strategy. This essay will consider both the pros and cons of this policy†¦show more content†¦The difference between juvenile and adult justice system is that the juvenile system caters for the juveniles needs, it looks beyond the crime that they have committed and looks more at what has brough t him/her here as an individual (McCord, Widom, Crowell, 2001). Detention centres are like prisons in that they deprive a person of their personal liberty (Findlay, Odgers Yeo, 2000). As with imprisonment of adults, this is intended to be a deterrent but it is also used as an avenue to rehabilitate offenders. Rehabilitation is facilitated by the offering of courses, to help the offender address his/her behaviour which society has labelled as â€Å"wrong† or inappropriate (Peterson, 1989; Shaffer, 1993). Therefore, a con of the strategy may be that the offenders are unable to access course that could assist them in rehabilitation. Another purpose of the detention centre for young people may be to shock them through the use of a military structure and to try and impress on them that they have done wrong (Munice, Hughes McLaughlin 2002). To support the policy there are different types of options that can be used instead of prison these can include boot camps, electric monitoring, intensive supervision probation, day centres, periodic detention and harsher alternatives include the following community service, community based order and fine option (White Perrone 2005). Boot camps are a short periodShow MoreRelatedPrison As A Last Resort2453 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is eliminated in prison is choice. What is encouraged is obedience. Bruno Bettelheim illustrated the result when he stated a prisoner had reached the final stage of adjustment to the camp situation when he had changed his personality so as to accept as his own the values of the Gestapo....Can one imagine a greater triumph for any system than this adoption of its values and behaviour by its powerless victims? Until choice can be freely exercised and caring behaviour encouraged, there canRead MoreShould The Prison Reform Be Used As A Last Resort?1760 Wor ds   |  8 Pages The percentage of women in prison, have increased over the years. Trusts such as the Prison Reform Trust, have a strong belief that prison should be used as a last resort. This dissertation will look to examine the main reasons behind the increase of female offenders in prison. It will also look to argue that in most cases, alternative sentences should be considered, rather than enforcing the custodial sentence. In March 2007, The Corston review, was publishes by Baroness Corston, regarding a reviewRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe amendments that are controversial with stakeholders include S 299A permitting the publication of identifying information, the automatic transfer of 17 year olds in detention to adult correctional facilities and the removal of detention as a last resort in sentencing. 3.0 Review of Legal Issues 3.1 To permit the publication the publication of identifying information One of the amendments of the Act includes S 234 permission to publish identifying information of juvenile criminals. Where youngRead MoreSocial Welfare Policy Reading Essay : Solitary Confinement Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating consequences of the use of solitary confinement in prisons. Studies show that the method of solitary confinement has the potential to lead to severe psychological effects on prison inmates. To address the consequences of solitary confinement in the U.S. federal prison system, President Obama directed Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch as well as the Justice Department to review and analyze the overuse of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons. Six months later, on January 25th, 2016, President ObamaRead MoreThe Destructive And Wrongful Use Of Solitary Confinement1675 Words   |  7 PagesKoula ENG 4U1 September 30th, 2015 The Destructive and Wrongful Use of Solitary Confinement Very few prison systems and prison facilities use the term â€Å"solitary confinement:, instead referring to prison â€Å"segregation† or placement in â€Å"restrictive housing† (Solitary Watch, FAQ). Solitary confinement is the total isolation of inmates who are feared for being a â€Å"danger† to â€Å"society,† — the prison system itself - for 23 hours a day from days to even decades. Solitary confinement was established in theRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthey treat juveniles in prison also differs. The punishments they receive, the programs they have and the privileges they offer are all different. So why does the U.S have the highest rate for juvenile crime? The United States has the highest rate for juvenile crime yet, like several other countries the U.S juvenile courts seeks to rehabilitate and discourage youthful offenders from criminal activity by having a variety of programs to help and using imprisonment as a last resort. Although children ofRead MorePunishment Vs Rehabilitation . Life Is Full Of Choices,1232 Words   |  5 Pageslevel of offence. This is what we call prison. We send people to prison to be punished, to prevent them from committing the crime again and to deter others from doing the same. Those are all valid reasons for incarceration, but I believe that after someone has broken the law, the optimal response should be attempting to help them turn away from their criminal lifestyle. There must be a consequence for breaking the law, so trying to get rid of every single prison on Earth is just naà ¯ve; but I believeRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Brain Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesIt is common knowledg e that the American prison system has grown exponentially in the last few decades. The prison population within the last forty years has risen by two million inmates. Multiple factors such as overcrowding and cost cutting have also decreased the quality of life within prisons by an order of magnitude. With this rising statistic, it becomes increasingly urgent to understand the effect of incarceration on our prisoners and whether the reformation process is actually doing moreRead MoreDeath Of The 19th Century947 Words   |  4 Pages Pentridge Prison, built in the 1850 in the north of Melbourne, housed Victoria’s most infamous criminals, which included; Russell Street Bomber Craig Minogue, 1920’s gangster Squizzy Taylor, Hoddle Street gunman Julian Knight and Mark ‘Chopper’ Reid. Pentridge Prisons history emphasizes the changes in crime, offending and punishment over its period of operation. By the end of the 20th century, Australia was less violent in comparison to the end of the 18th and 19th centuries. Crimes thatRead MoreThe Civil Law System And The United States Of America1460 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years and is now considered to be one of the most corrupt nations in the world. This is due to the extremely high murder rate and the problems in drug trafficking. Ultimately, further examination of Venezuela’s laws, courts, law enforcement, and prison will help to better understand the differences in their criminal justice system and the United States of America. Venezuela is based on a civil law system, based on the Spanish civil code. The Venezuela Country risk report stated the following:

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 2527 Words

â€Å"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is among the greatest threats to health worldwide. In 2005, an estimated 38.6 million people were living with HIV. During 2005 alone, about 4.1 million people became infected and another 2.8 million lost their lives.†1 â€Å"With around 15 percent of the population living with HIV. Zimbabwe is experiencing one of the harshest HIV and AIDS epidemics in the world. Between 2002 and 2006, the population is estimated to have decreased by four million people. The country is now seeing an annual growth rate of 2.2 percent. Average life expectancy is just under 53.7. By 2011, there were one million children living in Zimbabwe who had been orphaned as a result†¦show more content†¦This has decreased the number of new HIV infections. â€Å"However, it has been reported that the proportion of young women with multiple sexual partners has increased recently, suggesting that the p attern of safer sex practices is not all encompassing and education needs to continue to reach more young people. 75 percent of deaths among hospitalized adolescents are attributed to HIV and AIDS.†2 Although treatments can help improve the quality of life for many people, it cannot solve the long-term problems of HIV/AIDS. In sub-Saharan Africa, the attention is focused on young people who are having their first sexual encounters. â€Å"Not only are many young people engaging in sex, they often change partners as they experiment and seek life partners, clearly risky behaviors. Getting people, especially the young, to change their sexual behaviors is not a simple matter. Sexual behaviors are personal and private, far beyond most human discourse, exciting, prone to shame, susceptible to peer influence, and embedded in familial, religious, and cultural norms. How to reach young people in ways that persuade them to protect themselves is a major challenge.†3 â€Å"Richard Horton and Pam Das wrote, â€Å"The truth is that this pandemic will never be defeated without effective prevention. For the foreseeable future and beyond, prevention efforts that rely on multiple

Management Leadership upon Organisational Strategyâ€Free Samples

Questions: 1. Explain the link between strategic management and leadership?2. Analyse the impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decisions?3. Assess the effectiveness of adaptation of leadership styles to different situations?4. Review the impact of theories of management and leadership on organisational strategy?5.Explain the creation of a leadership strategy and how it supports organisational direction?6.Use appropriate methods to review current leadership requirements?7.Plan for the development of future situations requiring leadership?8.Plan the development of leadership skills for a specific requirement?9. Report on the usefulness of methods used to plan the development of leadership skills? Answers: Introduction: A firm named National Car Rental Company in this case is dealing with the mid- level managers and trying to post many of such managers on higher post enabling them to handle superior duties as well as responsibilities. The firm was expanding its operations and for this had the opportunities for several mid-managers in coming 12 16 months as well as, had to properly prepare all of them and also self for replacing the third member of senior leaders who also were probable to retire in next 5 8 years. Within the history it was seen that several mid-managers that moved up in the ladder and went to carry leadership roles actually were not properly prepared for increased accountabilities and duties. Discussion: Methods that car rental firm has used for reviewing present leadership requirements plus plan for development of the future situations demanding leadership 1.Link amid strategic management and leadership- A good leadership is one that creates a bridge amid the strategic management as well as their aims and target .It also is because of the leadership that any firm attains its desired tasks as well as targets. And same was in case of the Car rental firm. This organization also took several steps to maintain a good relation amid the strategic management and proper leadership amongst the staffs. Management also in the firm was seen accountable for the people as well as resources in the unit and this was as per the rules otherwise values which have previously been set at the time of leadership set and a direction to people in the group of mid-level managers (Carlisle, 1970). The link amid the strategic management plus leadership in the case study is well noticeable. Great leadership was seen joined with very effective management, and this made the firm capable of setting a proper direction as well as also made it capable of allocating resources in proper way in which it actually wanted to . Not just that, the firm also achieved its goal in the way the firm has thought and way in which managers wanted to achieve higher level of post (Cashman Forem, 2003). 2.Impact of the management plus leadership styles upon strategic decisions- Organizations all over are deeply worried about understanding, searching as well as developing leadership. There are vast impact of leadership and they are: Good leadership makes the leader more and more capable Leadership helps the management to handle people properly It helps in maintenance of peaceful and calm situation all around the firm Leadership makes sure that vast groups are handled by one single leader thereby assuring arrival of a common conclusion to every problem It acts as a problem solver. Regardless of type of firm, leadership is always discerned towards playing a significant role in the establishment of high performing groups. Helps the leader to have a proper competitive edge as well as sustained profitability and also to maintain the ethical standards, and comply with the civic commitments as well as establish a safe plus equitable work ecology. It enhances the organizational performance. Is responsible for development plus execution of all strategic decisions, and helps leaders to acquire, develop as well as deploy all organizational resources fully in order to draw out the best goods and services 3.Effectiveness of the adaptation of proper leadership styles in different situations Makes the leader flexible Makes the leader more and more capable Makes people understand and adjust with the leader easily 4.Impact of the theories of the management plus leadership upon organisational strategy This included several methods through which the firm confirmed that the mid managers who moved to upper levels has full capability of undertaking the duties and responsibilities of the position and also are totally able to supply and give out best result to the firm by being the most efficient and effective leader. These methods were as follows: Performance appraisal- The firm engaged in the process of Performance Appraisal through which a systematic evaluation and assessment of performance of the mid managers were undertaken to understand abilities of the person for future upcoming growth as well as development. This process was done in very systematic ways and the steps followed were as follows: Supervisors measured pay of the staffs and also compare it along with the targets plus plans. Management then analyzed plus assessed factors behind the work performances and results brought in by the staffs that were at mid level. The staffs were in proper position to appropriately guide staffs for a good performance. Two way communication- The firm managed to undertake a dual way communication and interaction where the mid managers sat with the management and discussed all the merits and demerits and also all the problems that they were facing in the firm and also once that they thought to be problematic them while shifting to a upper level. This type of interaction also made the mid managers feel that they are valued by the firm and they might feel very much motivated to the job appraisal and might get totally ready for the attainment of higher position (Coens Jenkins, 2000). Management by the Objectives- This process was used in the firm of appraisal of performance of mid level managers and required all the staff input as employees plus supervisors perform together to properly identify the aims and goals, resources as well as deadlines which factor into the management by the objectives of the appraisals. The firm tried to align the specific staffs objectives with the firms objectives (Deblieux, 2003). And also staffs being mid managers then discussed resources plus time needed to complete all such goals. Using such method, the result of the appraisal was enhanced and people were feeling more relaxed. 5.Creation of the leadership strategy plus how it supported the organisational direction Car rental firm was very much able and was extra successful in properly planning the development of good and strategic leadership skills within the staffs so that they could be moved to upper levels in the organization and could be supplied higher responsibilities. The proper steps that were undertaken by the firm were as follows: Meeting with the stakeholders- The management within the firm enabled and held proper meeting with the stakeholders who were the mid managers and tried to know as well as understand the need and requirement of the individual mid manager who was to be moved to upper level. Also the firm and the management facilitated a good and appropriate long session with the stakeholders and thereby tried level best to know and understand the vision, strategy and goals, issues as well as priorities of the staffs and match the same with ones for the firm. Assessment plus Feedback- Later the management after conducting a good discussion and meeting with the stakeholders enable a proper assessment and evaluation of the actual abilities of the manager and also made itself well capable of properly assessing the things that they could do and ones that they lacked (Martin, 2009). Here a proper and thorough assessment of the individual as well as teams leadership efficiency and effectiveness was done and this was the place where the 360 degree feedback and assessment otherwise the leadership surveys took place and brought in most effective result for the firm and enabled the firm to attain better results. 6.Methods to properly review the current requirements of leadership For the firm to be totally successful in its business management requires skilful as well as talented leaders which would support employees in efficiently driving workforce of firm to attain the aims and goals. For being an effective as well as good leader the firm must entail looking into future of organization for the continuous growth thus it is vital for the firm that is moving towards achievement to have the leaders that would initiate as well as bring ideas in interest of firm and a good skilled work force that would even help the firm to become extremely competitive. The firm also developed a good program for training as well as development of the managers in the mid level who were to move upstream in the organizational ladder and was to attain a good leadership role. Here the firm designed and delivered a properly customized growth plus development workshops on the basis of needed leadership replica. A proper 1 on 1 plus also team coaching was provided to the managers and also action learning programs intended for the managers as well as team of staffs (Ritchie Walker, 2007). Some on job assignments were also provided to the staffs and later these assignments were assessed and the capability of the managers were assessed on this basis. The outcome that this step gavewas that the targeted plus customized leadership growth as well as development initiatives 7.Plan for development of the future situations demanding leadership Planning will support the firm to make sure that future is undertaken into consideration, which might also help the firm to control situation that it finds itself within as far as probable and to get ready for the unexpected eventualities. There also are new looms and technological progressions coming up each day and for keeping up with changes in the technology, training as well as development is also important. Thus, coaching skills will be required to properly coach as well as support staffs along with ever changing growths and developments to actually enable them for coming together to attain a goal. Also to follow on employees will be the firms responsibility as being effective one and also will be leaders accountability too to ensure that everything goes well with them at the time of the training as well as if extra coaching is required to build them and make them capable of carrying out task efficiently it m ust also be provided with no hesitates. 8.Plan development of the leadership skills for specific requirement Development Planning- In this step the firm will have all information and data available and all the leadership roles and responsibilities that will to be supplied to managers moving to the upper level will be well known to the firm. Now in this step the firm will attempt to identify the individual as well as teams strengths plus all the developmental priorities and then will create a good targeted action strategy plus plans at the individual as well as collective level and then will communicate the same to the managers who will develop all the strategies for enhancing the by and large leadership effectiveness and efficiency. As an outcome of this step the firm will attain a good targeted Individual as well as Team Development and growth Action Plan plus strategy. Organizational Implications- This will be next step undertaken by the firm and the management within the organization. Here the supervisors will sit together and create as well as lay down proper guiding principles for fostering the required leadership culture and attitude and also will try to link Individual as well as Team Development strategies plus plans to the Leadership Development and Talent Management as well as Performance Management scheme plus also few other initiatives of the HR (Stessin Heyel, 1984). Also the management here in this step will determine ongoing hold and support in the deployment of the development plan plus strategy. As a result the firm will be capable of integrating the whole of culture, techniques and tools as well as processes for supporting the leadership growth plus development. 9.Report on usefulness of the methods utilized to plan development of the leadership skillsd)Performance Appraisals through Narrative-Essay- most time-concentrated method for the performance appraisal also was used in the firm which is called narrative-essay method. It also took a very significant quantity of preparation and document review as well as drafting time towards producing a properly-written assessment and evaluation of staff performance. The majority of effective way towards converting a proper narrative-essay and the performance appraisal for a dual-way process of assessment was to have employee complete and attain a self-evaluation in an indistinguishable format as administrators narrative-essay (Dessler, 2000). e)Training plus development- The firm undertook many action and processes where car rental firm brought in several methods for properly training and developing themed managers for ensuring that they attain proper position and become capable of undertaking the responsibilities of the upper level so that they do not have to face any problem in coming future (Gilmore Williams, 2009). This type of training also helped the staffs in enhancing their abilities. f)360 degree feedback- A task of 360 degree feedback also was included as a process for reviewing the current requirement of leadership and capabilities of mid level managers who were to be moved to upper positions. The steps that were undertaken in this process were as follows:Develop questionnaire- A proper set of questions were developed and answers were to be provided on basis of rating scalesEnsure the confidentiality of the participants- steps were undertaken to ensure the proper confidentiality of the answers provided by the staffs Provide good training or orientation- Good training were provided to the staffs who required the same Administer feedback questionnaire- The feedbacks supplied by several staffs were administered. Analyze the data- All the data will be analyzed and evaluated and a precise result will be brought out. Develop plus Distribute the Results- The final results were distributed and managers were moved on the basis of the result. References Carlisle, A. (1970). Leadership Styles for Foreign Operations. Relations Industrielles, 25(2), 256. doi:10.7202/028127arCashman, K., Forem, J. (2003). Awakening the leader within. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley.Chapparamani, D., Jyothi, P. (2011). Review of Literature on Leadership and Leadership Qualities. IJAR, 4(2), 7-9. doi:10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/169Coens, T., Jenkins, M. (2000). Abolishing performance appraisals. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Deblieux, M. (2003). Performance appraisal source book. Alexandria, Va.: Society for Human Resource Management.Dessler, G. (2000). Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Gilmore, S., Williams, S. (2009). Human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Martin, J. (2009). Human resource management. Los Angeles: SAGE.Ritchie, A., Walker, C. (2007). Continuing professional development. Munchen: K.G. Saur.Stessin, L., Heyel, C. (1984). The encyclopedia of managerial performance appraisal. New Yo rk, N.Y.: Business Research Publications.